Dream Analysis Essay Essay Example

Dream Analysis Essay Essay Most of us have at one clip or another experienced a dream. be it a incubus or a pleasant walk in a wood. Either manner. it was ever believed that dreams encompass a coded message that might be showing our hidden wants. things that happened in the yesteryear or even predict the hereafter. In the yesteryear. there have been many efforts to unknot the secret hidden behind the dreams and so far the universe came up with three chief theories of construing the dreams ( Freudian. Jungian and Cognitive ) ( Wade. Travis 1998 ) . In this essay I will try to analyse my dream by utilizing each of the theories mentioned supra. so compare the results every bit good as their possible connexions to my life and in the terminal determine. which one of these theories is the most accurate and therefore as a laic may state the â€Å"best† 1. However. I have neer believed that my dreams have any significance and in the class of this analysis I will seek to turn out that the Cognitive position entirely offers the most sensible account of my dreams. My dream had begun on a deserted shore. After a piece. I was able to happen a small bungalow that belonged to a fisherman. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Analysis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I needed from him a boat in order to acquire to an island ( it looked like a great mountain that was lifting from the H2O and was covered with snow ) . All of a sudden. I sat in the boat with four of my roomies every bit good as with my male parent and gramps. However. merely so have we found out that we do non hold plenty nutrient to acquire to that island. so we turned our boat back to the seaport. Upon our return. we had gone into a wood that was covering about all of the land that we were able to see. After a period of clip. the length of which I was non able to find. we have found an arbor and there were many cervid running around it. But alternatively of hiting any of them. I shot an old ugly hog with six slugs. That was the terminal of my dream. The following twenty-four hours in the forenoon I wrote it down every bit shortly as I woke up. Sigmund Freud. in his celebrated book â€Å"Interpretation of Dreams† ( 1900 ) presented his new theories about finding the existent significance of our dreams. Harmonizing to his book. our dreams in their nucleus represent our deepest wants. desires and instinctual ideas. However. as these dreams in their original signifier ( latent contents ) were unacceptable for our consciousness. the â€Å"censor† ( an unconscious mechanism ) shaped them into an acceptable and symbolic signifier ( manifest content ) . These symbols may stand for a condensation ( combination of many constituents ) . a composite ( combination of two constituents ) . a supplanting ( portion of ) or representation ( utility symbol ) of latent ( original ) contents of a dream. However. Sigmund Freud used every bit good the technique of the free association in order to find the existent significance of the dream. because sometimes it was non possible to make so by using the dream work maps ( condensation. composite. supplanting. representation ) merely ( Freud 1900 ) . To be more specific about the procedure of analysing any dream. Freud thought that merely those objects and symbols are of important importance that we forget every bit shortly as few yearss pass by and our unconscious â€Å"censor† has adequate clip to wipe out them from our memory ( Freud 1900 ) . When I have compared the two versions of my dream ( the 1 that I put down instantly after waking up and the other 1 that was written after four yearss ) I found out that the undermentioned things and objects were omitted: ? Peoples that were in the boat with me? Deer around the arbor? Six slugs ( that I have shot the hog with ) The fact. that these objects were omitted signified a fact that they are ( from Freudian point of position ) of important importance. Peoples that were in the boat with me were the 1s I like and ask for an advice or aid. The fact that they were in the boat with me could intend that I need them or possibly that I will necessitate them sometimes in the hereafter. However. we can explicate it besides in another manner. Possibly they are merely decelerating my boat down and hence I can non travel towards my ends every bit fast as I would wish to. If we take into consideration this account of these people in my boat. it could intend that in order to accomplish my purposes. I need to make it on my ain and harmonizing to my ain sentiments. But the cervid around the arbor is much greater mystifier than the objects discussed earlier. It could stand for cognition that I might necessitate along my manner or it could even stand for a adult female ( who I will likely necessitate in the class of my life ) . However. when I apply that result to my present state of affairs. the first result ( cognition ) is much more likely than the 2nd one. Last things that I have omitted were those six slugs. Number six. harmonizing to the common cognition in my state. is an luckless figure. therefore it could hold stood for decease. for bad fortune or for a bad pick that I have made when I decided to hit that hog and non the cervid. It may mean that before I set out for my journey. I may do a bad determination that I will endure from on my manner to the mountain ( porc is non every bit good as venison ) . However. my Internet beginning mentioned that figure six symbolizes completeness and in some instances it may signalise a struggle in the hereafter ( Gifford ) . As it could be observed. there was used the method of free association chiefly in combination with the dream work map of representation. Nevertheless. all of these accounts could hold been truth. but in their nucleus they are excessively general and their significance is sometimes excessively equivocal. Therefore I would non see the Freudian theory of dream analysis as an accurate manner to analyse my dream and therefore I may claim that it is irrelevant to utilize this theory in order to analyse any dream. The Jungian dream analysis is fundamentally based on the analysis of the most powerful image from our dream be it a topographic point. individual or even a colour ( Johnson 2002 ) . Then there is used the method called elaboration. when all of the significances that this image could hold had are written down. In the following portion of the Jungian dream analysis are all of these possible significances divided into three chief groups ( personal. cultural. archetypical ) . Then the last measure is to associate these significances to the current jobs or to the unsaid facets of personality ( subjective analysis ) ( Wade. Travis 1998 ) . In my dream the most powerful image had been the mountain that towered itself in the distance. It looked great and it seemed that it is non possible to acquire on the top of it and that was one of the grounds why I endeavored to acquire on the really top of it. As it was mentioned in the paragraph above. I have tried to happen all of the possible significances that the mountain might hold and split them into three groups: A. Personal significance: challenge. ends. enterprises B. Cultural Meaning: nature. strength. infinity. majesty C. Archetypal Meaning: any undertaking that an person is confronting ( Gifford ) Consequently to the last portion of Jung’s analysis. I tried to associate all of the words mentioned in each of those groups to my personal and present life. However. the cultural significance every bit good as the archetypal of the word mountain did non look to hold any connexion with my individual and therefore I focused largely on the personal significance of this word. As it was mentioned in the group A. . mountain represents to me a challenge. effort of attempts in order to accomplish my ends and purposes. Besides the Internet provided me with an archetypical significance that was similar to the associations mentioned in the group of â€Å"personal meaning† words. It pointed out that this image might typify a undertaking that I am confronting at the minute or that I will meet in the hereafter ( Gifford ) . At the minute I am a pupil at the UNYP in the 1st twelvemonth of the Bachelor Program. Naturally. in instance that I want to accomplish success. I have to work hard and seek to make my best. As we can see. the personal significances of mountain are truly closely interconnected with my present province and therefore we may claim that this dream analysis has provided me with an advice about accomplishing my ends in the hereafter or at least at school. However. there is a demand to chew over for a piece about the manner Carl Jung analyzes his dreams. When we take any object. be it a tabular array or a H2O pail. by constructive thought and certain associations. we are able to come with all kinds of possible significances that we can associate with some specific portion of our life. Therefore. we may state that this manner of dream analysis is more accurate than the Freudian ( because it has provided me at least with a sensible advice about my hereafter ) . but as we could see. the results were excessively general signifier me to find the existent significance of my dream and therefore from my position is the Jungian dream analysis irrelevant. The last theory about the significance of our dreams is called the Cognitive View. Harmonizing to this specific attack. the dreams are merely left over memories. which are indiscriminately reoccurring during our slumber ( Wade. Travis 1998 ) . When I tried to happen a image in my memory that would be similar be to my dream. I came with an result that was possibly non that surprising. During my life. I have truly been in a boat near an island. which consisted from drops merely. that towered high above the H2O surface. My male parent was at that place with me as good. This was merely a one analogue between my yesteryear and my dream. I am certain that. if I will analyze my past closely. I would be able to happen all of the objects that reappeared in my dream. However. the lone difference between my dream and the yesteryear was. that the dream. in my sentiment. was non merely an exact image that mirrored that past. on the contrary it was a mix of past experiences that have reappeared in my dream. To sum up. the Cognitive View has provided me with a logical account in all inside informations of my dream and therefore it is in my sentiment better than the other two theories that were used in the old paragraphs to analyse my dream To compare the usefulness and truth of both of these theories ( Freudian and Jungian ) and the Cognitive position. we have to use them to our present province. to our yesteryear and future programs. As our psychological science teacher Mike Johnson pointed out in one of his talks: â€Å"The best reading ( of a dream ) is the 1 that has the greatest logical significance and is largely assisting you to work out these jobs. † ( Johnson 2002 ) . From this point of position. the best logical and sensible account of my dream has provided the Cognitive View. which. as it was mentioned in the paragraph above. assumes that all of our dreams are merely left over memories. In my personal sentiment it is true. because I was genuinely able to happen in that dream of mine certain facets that belonged to my yesteryear. Of class. I am non claiming that the theories of dream analysis of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung that worked for decennaries are incorrect. but in my instance the result of these two theories was excessively general every bit good as obscure for me to believe that they represent the best manner of dream analysis. Freud. S. ( 1900 ) . Interpretation of Dreams: NY. New York. Gifford. T. ( n. d. ) . Myths Dreams Symbols. Retrieved October 15th. 2002 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mythsdreamssymbols. com/ Johnson. M. ( 2002 ) . Lecture. General Psychology. University of New York / Prague. Prague. Czech Republic. Wade. C. A ; Travis. C. ( 1998 ) . Psychology ( 5th Ed. ) New York: Adison Wesley.

Personality Theorists

Personality Theorists Joseph M. Fowler27 Apr 04Personality TheoriesJudy PowersMelanie Klein (1882 -1960):She started the shift in emphasis away from studying innate biological instincts and towards relations between people. She described how, primarily because of anxiety over aggressive impulses, children split objects and feelings into good and bad aspects in an effort to retain good ones as part of the self while getting rid of bad ones by projecting them onto others. Splitting of an object image into opposites in the internal world of fantasy permits children to treat the internalized object as clearly good or bad while continuing to trust and love the actual external person who is an intricate combination of both. Children attempt to keep the good feelings and project the bad feelings onto others. Eventually, the split between the nurturing and the frustrating mother becomes the starting point of a child's concept of "good me" and "bad me".Defies Astronomers theoriesThis spitting can often cloud a chi ld's subjective and objective perception and lead to distortion with other people.Our personality is shaped by our relationships with significant others in object relations theory. She thinks that we begin life with certain predispositions but with not real sense of self or identity. Through interactions with significant others, we take into ourselves parts of others and begin to build a self-structure.Klein was also more interested in the reality of the "inner world" than that of the " outer world" Her preference has resulted in that object relations theory has been helpful in understanding psychotherapy and the interest in object relations has become particularly important as a framework for understanding some syndromes that have become a part of our popular clinical literature.Margaret Mahler (1897 -1985):In object relations theory, human development is a lifelong process of emerging out...

Framing (social movements) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Framing (social movements) - Assignment Example For a Western audience this seems cruel because for it cats are animals kept as pets and not as a food source. By appealing to the viewers’ base emotions like pity and disgust, their opinion can be won over. In Figure 2 the issue of animal rights is framed in a way which is more reminiscent of typical television advertising. The woman shown is fit, blond, and beautiful. The audience sought is for the most part a male one. Instead of using pathos, this picture instead skirts the issue of animal treatment and merely displays a woman wearing a shirt stating â€Å"animals have rights.† The issue is animal rights, but the means of spreading the message is a markedly sexual one. The eyes of the man watching are attracted to the woman’s chest, as is his natural inclination. He inevitably reads the message there written and internalizes its meaning. In Figure 3 there is a picture of a pig with several puppies. In this case the method for framing the issue of animal rights is neither pity-based nor sexual. The text points to the fact that pigs are just as smart as dogs and that they â€Å"have feelings too.† Here the author of the photo wants to first connect the plight of the pig with that of the dog, an animal known as being a pet. More importantly, however, is the fact that the pig is described as having feelings and being smart. These are characteristics normally associated with humans. By imputing them to an animal, the intent is to make the viewer both sympathize and empathize with the pig. Known as anthropomorphism, this entails the assigning of human features to an animal so as to foster a sense of equality and dignity for the

What is the importance of custom, prejudice and tradition in Burkes Outline

What is the importance of custom, prejudice and tradition in Burkes philosophy - Outline Example To add on this, they always insisted on the total and rash implementation of those abstract rights. The French revolution was intended at bringing wholesale and instantaneous political and social transformation of the French society based on abstract and rationalist principles. He therefore saw this revolution as a direct threat to the British way of life and constitution. According to Burke, revolution could be progressive and he appraises the creation of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the Magna Carta as good examples of progressive revolutions. In the two cases, the ancient constitution had been restored and finally set back on its true and desired path of gradual evolution (Harington 1). Burke therefore called for the enactment of particular concrete rights and liberties as means of achieving protection against possible governmental oppression. Burke’s affinity for already established traditions and customs is also evidenced his 1791 Letter to a Member of the National Assembly. In this letter, Burke claimed that, for a long time, the various parts of the British constitution had gradually and almost insensibly accommodated themselves, their common purpose as well as to their separate purposes (Burke 333). He believed that this process adaptation could not be achieved through the effect of instantaneous regulation in France or elsewhere else. Holding to this view, Burke viewed the French revolution as a phenomenon so unprecedented and dangerous, negating the desired nature of historical progress shown by the evolution of the British constitution. A comparison between the reaction of Burke to the American Revolution and his reaction to the French Revolution reveals the grounds of his opposition to the French revolution and his philosophy on the same. Burke had seen and loved how the Americans resolved their crisis.

Calls for Protectionism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Calls for Protectionism - Assignment Example World Trade Organization (WTO) advocates eliminating tariff and nontariff barriers to international trade and 157 countries in the world are its members. These governments are committed to follow WTO tariff guidelines and formulate trade friendly policy environments in their countries. Tariffs constitute a substantial source of protectionism in the world. In 2008 imposing tariff barriers was constrained by WTO agreements. Â  Subsidies which reduce the cost of producing automobiles enable decreasing their market prices. Low price can gain a competitive advantage in the world market while increasing the welfare of local producers. It also affects the welfare of producers and consumers in abroad. This is not a viable economic solution because subsidy incurs a cost to the government. Free markets which have no price distortions are preferred in economic theory because resource allocation is optimum there. Producer subsidies which create price distortions in the market can also misallocate the resources in these countries and subsequently worsen their already contracted economy. Â  Protectionism compels local consumers and producers to depend on each other without facing influences from abroad. Thus protectionism avoids economic impacts of different natural resource endowments across countries. Countries can grow independently, self sufficiently and politically strong under protectionist policies. However, free trade enables efficiently using of limited, natural resources. Efficient allocation of depleting natural resources is a major challenge in front of the world today. Therefore eliminating the barriers to free trade at present is more important than ever in the world history. Â  5. The volume of world trade rebounded sharply in 2012 on the back of a fairly modest growth rate in the world economy.

Intelligence Led Policing Models

Intelligence Led Policing Models The objective of this syndicate research work is to find out that. Has police ordinance 2002 fulfilled its objectives? What are the missing and gaps in its conceptual framework and implementation process? Why community policing system has been left out of the ordinance? And will it contribute negatively or positively?This is basically aimed at analyzing the success or failure if the ordinance with special reference to its stated objectives.Further,this research work digs out the gaps between the real concept of the ordinance and its implementation?Besides,this study also finds out that for what reasons,one of the important policing systems-community policing system-has not been focused upon in the ordinance?More importantly and lastly,this research work analysis whether the ordinance has been story of success or failure by ignoring the essential element of community policing system in the police ordinance 2002? POLICING MODELS Intelligence-led policing (ILP) is a policing model that has emerged in recent years which is built around risk assessment and risk management. Although there is no universally accepted understanding of what intelligence-led policing entails the leading definition is that ILP is a strategic, future-oriented and targeted approach to crime control, focusing upon the identification, analysis and management of persisting and developing problems or risks. In simpler terms, it is a model of policing in which intelligence serves as a guide to operations, rather than the reverse. Calls for intelligence-led policing originated in the 1990s, both in Britain and in the United States. In the U.S. Mark Rieblings 1994 book Wedge The Secret War between the FBI and CIA spotlighted the conflict between law enforcement and intelligence, and urged cops to become more like spies. Intelligence-led policing gained considerable momentum globally following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. It is now advocated by the leading police associations in North America and the UK. Although claimed as a policing framework that builds on earlier paradigms, including community policing, problem-oriented policing, and continuous improvement or partnership models of policing, it originated as a rejection of the reactive, crime focus of community policing with calls for police to spend more time employing informants and surveillance to combat recidivist offenders. Recently, intelligence-led policing has undergone a revisionist expansion to allow incorporation of reassurance and neighbourhood policing. United Kingdom Intelligence-led policing in the UK has been applied as a specialized police practice involving the identification and targeting of high-rate, chronic offenders and devising strategic interventions based on that intelligence.ILP originated as a problem-oriented strategy in the Kent and Northumbria Constabularies in combating motor vehicle theft and other property crime. Kent prioritized its calls for service, placing less priority on minor service calls and referring them to other agencies, which in turn provided police with more time to focus on the property crimes. Rather than reactively responding to individual incidents, a systematic analysis was conducted of offenses that identified a pattern showing that a small number of offenders were responsible for a disproportionately large number of motor vehicle thefts in the area. Also identified were repeat victims and problem areas. Using this knowledge to formulate a response, police could soon boast a significant drop in the automobile theft rate. Since 2000, ILP has been enshrined in Britain as the philosophy underpinning the National Intelligence Model. United States The post-9/11 environment in the US, the era of Homeland Security for American policing,[8] has increased demands for law enforcement to build global partnerships and to work more closely with local agencies to expand the capacity of the state to fight both crime and terrorism. Given the belief that 9/11 and other terrorist attacks could have been prevented if not for intelligence failures, a key difference with intelligence-led policing from earlier strategies is that intelligence is no longer considered a specialized function for crime analysts or intelligence units. Investigations following bombings of the rail systems in Madrid and London and the arrest of suspected terrorists in Canada, Britain, and Florida suggested that intelligence culled from a variety of sources and through strengthened inter-agency cooperation may be the key to identifying suspects and successfully intervening to prevent attacks. On March 16, 2005, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff outlined a risk-based approach to homeland security threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences when he said, Risk management must guide our decision-making as we examine how we can best organize to prevent, respond, and recover from an attack . . . . Our strategy is, in essence, to manage risk in terms of these three variables threat, vulnerability, consequence. We seek to prioritize according to these variables, to fashion a series of preventive and protective steps that increase security at multiple levels. In 2006 Mark Riebling of the Center for Policing Terrorism published a doctrine on Intelligence-Led Policing. Rieblings model leverages both Israeli counter-terrorist tactics, and the NYPDs Broken Windows policing theories. Among the Broken-Windows mechanisms, Rieblings doctrine blends problem solving, environmental design, community policing, and public-private partnerships. Analyzing the operations of the Israeli National Police in Tel Aviv, Riebling notes approvingly that investigation of the incident, even a traffic accident, is secondary to the number one goal-which is gathering intelligence. For instance, when they raided a bordello, where the patrons were primarily Arabs from different parts of the region, Israeli police were less concerned about the criminal activity, than with preparing intelligence reports on who these people were, and how they got into Israel. Issues Intelligence-led policing is still in its early stages and therefore lacks a universal conceptual framework that can be applied to disparate contexts as the new policing paradigm. Implementation can also be difficult, because it requires police managers to have faith in the intelligence process and in the judgments and recommendations of their intelligence staff. Some have also questioned whether the foundational ingredient intelligence has been properly considered, pointing out there is already information overload that police and security professionals have to contend with from the huge databanks that have been built up in the intelligence process, and that increasing raw data is not the same as generating knowledge or actionable intelligence. Finally, intelligence-led policing is part of the larger trend of blurring the distinction between national security and domestic policing, or the states military and police functions, and risks the same perils that have tarnished policing in the past, such as political interference, violating civil liberties, and a greater potential for the abuse of police power with the increased secrecy that intelligence work entails. The Community Policing Organizational Change Ideally, community policing should be adopted organization-wide and be reflected through department participation at all levels as well as through the organizations mission, goals, objectives, performance evaluations, hiring and promotion practices, training, and all other systems that define organizational culture and activities. One of the most important specific aspects of organizational change relevant to community policing is a flattened organizational structure. Community policing departments are often less hierarchical, supporting managements dispersion of decision-making authority to the lowest organizational level and holding those individuals accountable for the outcomes. A second important element of organizational change is fixed geographic responsibility. Officers or deputies are assigned to fixed geographic areas for extended periods, based on social and cultural considerations and on the assumption that this fosters better communication with residents; increases the po lice officers ability to understand, prevent, and respond to community problems; and enhances accountability to the citizens in that area. Problem Solving Community policing departments also actively address the underlying conditions that give rise to or facilitate crime or disorder in an effort to prevent future problems by identifying and analyzing problems and by developing tailored strategies that may include traditional and nontraditional responses that focus on deterring offenders, protecting likely victims, and making locations less conducive to crime and disorder. Departments should use a wide array of relevant traditional and nontraditional data sources to better understand and evaluate the nature of problems and work in conjunction with the community and other organizations to develop effective long-term solutions. Problem solving often manifests itself in the scanning, analysis, response and assessment problem-solving model. Departments first identify relevant or perceived crime problems (scanning), determine the nature and underlying conditions that give rise to those problems (analysis), craft and implement interventions t hat are linked to that analysis (response), and evaluate its effectiveness (assessment). The process is understood as continually involving feedback among the components. For instance, through in-depth analysis, agencies may come to define problems differently, effectively returning to the scanning phase. Likewise, an assessment may determine that a response was ineffective and that the problem requires additional analysis. External Partnerships Under a community policing philosophy, departments partner with other government, social service, and community agencies in attempts to identify and address persistent problems in the community. They form external partnerships in recognition of other agencies unique strengths, tools, and expertise that can be leveraged when addressing community problems. The police are only one of a host of local government agencies responsible for responding to community problems. Under community policing, coordination with other government agencies in developing comprehensive and effective solutions is essential. In addition, the police are encouraged to develop working partnerships with civic and community groups to accurately survey community needs and priorities and to use the public as a resource in problem solving and in developing and implementing interventions. Community Policing and Terrorism Prevention and Response Organizational Change A flat organizational structure may ensure more effective terrorist prevention and response. It has been demonstrated that local law enforcement officers are likely to come into contact with those who may be directly or indirectly involved in terrorist activities and most certainly will be among the first responders to any future terrorist attack. Empowering officers at lower levels with decision-making authority and familiarizing them with making (and taking responsibility for) important decisions could be of value in any crisis. In a terrorist event, there may be little time for decisions to move up the chain of command. Officers who are accustomed to making decisions and retaining authority may be better prepared to respond quickly and decisively to any event. In addition, in terms of prevention, developing a flat organizational structure can help lower-level officers feel free to pursue leads or suspected terrorist activity. In addition, having fixed geographic responsibility may assist officers in identifying possible terrorist threats. Officers who work in a community or neighborhood for an extended time can develop specific intelligence concerning resident and community activities. This street-level knowledge is a vital part of counter-intelligence efforts. Problem Solving Problem-solving models are well suited to preventing and responding to terrorist activity. Departments can use many existing data sources ahead of time to develop detailed risk management and crisis plans. Identifying potential terrorist targets in local jurisdictions is an important first step. Police can determine what in their jurisdictions (dams, electric grids, chemical warehouses, large-scale public gatherings) are potential terrorist targets. Community policing encourages agencies to conduct complex analyses of the possible threats and of their relative likelihood of occurring. Finally, agencies in conjunction with other government, social, and community entities can develop detailed crisis prevention and response plans. Finally, the community policing model encourages continual refinement of these plans to suit changing conditions and threat levels. External Partnerships The threat of terrorism provides a unique opportunity to create partnerships with citizens, other government organizations, and other law enforcement agencies. Prior apathy toward these partnerships that may have existed is often reduced by the presence of terrorist targets and threats. Recent terrorist events and associated concerns may have created a sense of uneasiness and urgency in many communities. The specter of additional terrorist activity has created an opportunity to galvanize local police to work with their communities, other law enforcement agencies, and local, state, and federal entities. The community policing model encourages the development of such ongoing and effective partnerships, which can be invaluable in preventing terrorist activity because of increased opportunities for intelligence gathering and sharing. They can also be central to developing coordinated responses to any actual terrorist events. Community policing encourages agencies to establish and expand upon existing partnerships with a goal of developing model crisis plans and processes to deal with the aftermath of terrorist incidents. These plans and processes would consider the needs and concerns of all community stakeholders. Law enforcement and local government can come together with community partners to develop a plan on how to prepare for such a crisis, what to do in the event of such a crisis, and how to cope with its aftermath. Community Policing and Fear of Terrorism By definition, the primary goal of terrorism is to create fear and an atmosphere of uncertainty. This fear can greatly affect the quality of life of many individuals, extending far beyond those who are directly affected by a terrorist event. In the United States the police have increasingly been asked to address the fear of crime generally. The expansion of their role to include quality of life and partnerships with citizens, as emphasized by the community policing philosophy, has increasingly brought fear of crime under the purview of police professionals. As A. Steven Dietz stated in Evaluating Community Policing, Reduction of fear of crime has been associated with community policing programs since their inception. It is clear that reducing fear of crime has become an essential element and an often explicitly articulated goal of community policing. Thus, community policing finds itself well positioned to deal with issues of fear that can arise as a direct result of terrorist activi ty. In addition, dealing directly with citizen fear of crime is important, as unchecked fear of terrorism (or feelings of revenge) can manifest itself in hate crimes and illegal bigotry targeted particularly at people who are Muslim and of Middle Eastern descent. These are important social problems that law enforcement should be prepared to respond to and prevent. Organizational Change Adoption of the community policing philosophy partly involves reengineering department processes and resources away from randomness and reactivity and toward information- and service-driven community-based approaches. Police officers are often assigned to specific geographic areas to foster communication with residents and are accountable to those residents and their superiors for the safety and well-being of that area. Other aspects of the agency are realigned to support the most fundamental focus of all activities, the beat. As a result of this emphasis, police officers should be more attuned to rising levels of community concern and fear and, by virtue of the relationships they have established within the community, be in a position to respond effectively to those needs and concerns. Community policing has been found to engender trust and increased satisfaction among residents for the police, which in periods of heightened unrest can be parlayed into dealing more effectively with community fear that can be based on both rational and irrational concerns. Problem Solving Community policing encourages a deeper understanding of the fear that may result from terrorist events. The first step is to determine whether fear is a problem in the community and to determine the extent of the problem. Police can conduct citizen interviews, surveys, and face-to-face interactions to determine levels of citizen fear. Then they can analyze the underlying conditions that give rise to or encourage fear. Perhaps it is a result of a specific terrorist-related fear such as living near what is perceived to be a potential terrorist target, or the fear may involve fear for loved ones who reside in high-threat areas. Finally, perhaps the fear is a more general fear of terrorism. In any event, law enforcement should work to understand the extent and nature of fear in their community if they want to develop effective responses. Law enforcement should then work in partnership with other community groups to develop responses aimed at decreasing levels of fear if they are negatively affecting quality of life and are determined to be highly exaggerated. Community policing efforts to deal with citizen fear of crime have included foot and vehicle patrols in high-crime neighborhoods, as well as community meetings, citizen patrols, neighborhood cleanup programs, opening neighborhood substations, and citizen awareness campaigns. Clearly, citizen fear of terrorist events is somewhat different than fear of crime generally. However, some of the same techniques may also be useful for reducing this type of fear. For example, citizen awareness campaigns can inform citizens about what the local police and city government are doing to prevent and prepare for possible terrorist events. Crisis response plans can be discussed in addition to general prevention activities. Citizens can be informed about what they themselves can do-such as preparing emergency survival kits for their own homes-to prepare for possible terrorist events and can be informed of evacuation routes to use in the event of a large-scale disaster. Finally, law enforcement agencies should assess the effectiveness of any fear-reduction efforts and modify their responses accordingly. External Partnerships The emphasis on building strong community partnerships encouraged by a community policing philosophy may also help reduce citizen fear of terrorist events. These partnerships may be able to directly reduce fear by increasing citizen feelings of efficacy, increasing the bond among neighbors themselves, and involving citizens in prevention and preparedness activities. Encouraging citizen involvement in neighborhood watch, youth education, and cleanup programs can increase social cohesion among citizens and has been found to result in decreased fear of crime. It is likely that these increasing feelings of efficacy in response to terrorist events may have similar effects. Citizens can be involved to differing degrees in prevention and preparedness discussions. Traditional Policing Historically, local law enforcement in the 1930s and 1940s was characterized by the beat cop, who knew every resident and business owner in an assigned area. Likewise, this officer became aware almost immediately when a crime occurred and generally found out quickly from members of the community who committed it. This timely apportionment of justice helped to create a strong bond between members of the community and the officers who patrolled their districts. However, this policing model harbored significant drawbacks. Officers often gained appointments through corrupt political deals, were poorly trained, and rarely displayed a professional appearance or demeanor. PROFESSIONAL POLICING MODEL As a result, the 1960s and 1970s saw the dawn of the professional policing model. These new officers used the most up-to-date technologysuch as high-speed cruisers, forensic laboratories, mobile radios, and 911 emergency systemsto serve the sprawling suburban environment that came to characterize much of the American landscape. Considering the vast areas covered by a limited number of officers, response times were exceptionally quick. Such areas as recruiting practices, training, and professionalism were vastly improved. But the professional policing model possessed its own inherent shortcomings. Officers became less a part of the communities they served. In fact, they were intentionally placed outside of the community as a reaction to the potential for corruption that existed in prior policing models. And, even though response times were exceptional, calls for police service still brought officers to the scene after a crime had been committed. This incident-oriented policing model placed an impressive array of resources at officers disposal to locate offenders, but made little attempt to reduce actual crime numbers. COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING MODEL Community-oriented policing combines the familiarity, trust, and sense of ownership characterized by the beat cop with the professionalism and expertise of the professional policing model. Officers working in this mode conduct their patrols from a problem-oriented, rather than incident-oriented, perspective. Accordingly, the focus becomes preventiverather than reactivepolice work. Officers involved in community-oriented policing have access to residents on a personal level, which helps to build a better relationship between the community and the police department. Residents see the police as more than just anonymous blue suits driving down the street in patrol cars. The community is more involved with the officers, and in turn, becomes the eyes and ears of the department in the neighborhood.

Henry James, Principled Realism :: Henry James

Henry James, Principled Realism I read a critical essay by Michael Kearns entitled, "Henry James, Principled Realism, and the Practice of Critical Reading." In it, Kearns invents the terms "principled reality" and "naà ¯ve reality" and how to apply these perspectives when reading Washington Square. As Kearns explores these two types of realities, he states that the readers should take a stance of "principled realism" which he defines as follows: "principled realism, like pragmatism, is a method which holds that no objective truths or transcendentally privileged perspective can be found but that we can understand enough about a situation or event to be able to act responsibly towards all persons involved." We can achieve this, according to Kearns, by understanding that the characters are fully dimensional. We must look at their strong points, their positions on certain issues, and we might speculate what their downfall might be. Although Kearns thinks that we who read Washington Square with a principled realistic perspective should remain ethically neutral, he does urge that we also become emotionally involved. He states: " Principled realism recognizes the importance of emotional as well as rational responses; to the extent that readers come to care about the novel's characters, they are in a position to perceive and share the fundamental ethical stance of James's fiction." On the other hand, Kearns defines his term "naà ¯ve realism" as characteristic of "someone who mistakenly elevates socially constructed and verbalized knowledge over the individual and inarticulate rather than accepting both as valuable." Kearns believes that Dr. Sloper and the narrator both practice naà ¯ve realism and this, he contends, is dangerous thinking. He continues: " Sloper's naà ¯ve realism manifests itself in his belief that he can build a valid theory on facts†¦he has reduced to propositions." Kearns implies that James creates fictional characters (such as Dr. Sloper) to help his readers form the correct ethical judgement about the novel. The doctor is so cold, so calculating, the readers naturally would want to take the opposing position. He is not the only one that Kearns believes uses naà ¯ve realism. The narrator does as well: "as the story develops and Catherine's experience expands, the narrator remains superior; in particular, he grants the young woman no depth of inner life.

Management Styles Essay

Is a term that refers to the nature of the relationship between managers and non-managerial workforce. It includes not only the personal relationship between people but also the style of communication and the attitudes that managers have of employees and the attitudes they generate in employees. The term â€Å"leadership† is sometimes used. This refers to the ways in which managers achieve the attitudes and actions of their employees. Usually the actions desired are those which lead to the achievement of organizational objectives. A form of leadership therefore implies a style of management Authoritarian management style In authoritarian management style all policy, the decision making and objectives are set by the manager or the person in charge of the business, the flow communication is only one way and no feedback, employees can’t answer back, there’s no communication between them. The activities to achieve the objectives are set by the manager. Often, steps are given one at the time meaning that the future steps are uncertain to the team. The manager tends to specify the type of task and work colleagues of each team member. The manager offers personal praise or criticism of each member’s work. However he also remains distant from active participation in the group except when demonstrating. An employee now’s who gives the orders so it’s a clear chain of command. The major advantage of this is that it is always clear exactly what is wanted and tasks are very precisely defined. There is more efficiency, every one knows exactly what they have to do, there is no miss understanding. There are no disagreements; no arguments because there is no feedback and the decision making are mush swifter. The major disadvantages are that subordinates are not allowed to be innovative or to suggest alternative strategies. This means that their motivation and enthusiasm are likely to be low. There is a high de-motivation because they aren’t allowed to communicate back, wish employees feel depressed and lack of recognition, is when an individual thinks he is doing a pleasant job and doesn’t get any praise from the managers. Democratic management style In democratic management style all policies, decisions and objectives are decided by group discussion, however is still the managers who makes the last decision. There is to way communication flow, the manager tries to create better understanding by seeking employee’s opinions and ideas, wish motivates the workers because they feel more valued, more motivated and willing to work harder and maybe it could increase the quality of the products. Group members are able to work with whomever they wish, with division of tasks left up to the group. The manager tries to be objective in praising and criticizing the employee. However he also tries to be a member of the team without doing too much work on the business. The main advantage of the democratic approach is that it can be highly motivating to the employees. There is more point of views to help and manage the business properly and individuals feel more valued and motivated. The main disadvantages are that it can undermine the authority of management. Decision making may take longer to occur, might be less efficient management style, its time consuming, takes long time to make a decision on the business, however it depends on the occasion. Consultative management style In consultative management style the policy, decisions are set by the manager, although group member’s views are encouraged, to way communication flow and horizontal communication. Activities to achieve objectives are communicated to team members to inform and allow their comments in how they should plan their objectives, there is lot of teamwork, and relations are lot more equal to every employee, everyone listens to your opinion, there is more power to make decisions. Employees have more autonomy, more independence. Group members may have a say in the type of task set them and the work of colleagues they are put with, however this is very important because there would be no argument between employees and more product activity would be produced. The leader may be involved with team members in the achievement of business goals. However consultative management is appropriate to self starters because they’ve got the opportunity to use their own initiative to push them self’s to a higher level and to increase the business goals. Laissez-faire management style In Laissez-faire management style the employees has got complete freedom to make decisions, policies and the objectives. The manager has minimal involvement on how the business is going. The materials are supplied by the manager who makes it know that the other materials can be produced if requested. Manger has no other participation in discussion of the work. There is no participation at all by the leader in the achievement of objectives. No attempt is made by the leader to appraise or regulate the course of activity used by the team. Few comments on the activities are offered unless requested. However there is no deadline, so they’ve got all the time of the world to complete the task. The main advantages is that it allows for innovation and new ideas and is highly motivating, because everyone has the liberty to do what they want to do, they take their own decisions. There are no deadlines to meet. The major disadvantage is that subordinates are not always clear what they are supposed to be doing, or are allowed to do, and conflicts can easily arise. Caspian’s management style In my point of view I believe not only should a style of management be chosen according to the type of organization, it should be chosen to suit the particular situation in a given organization, however in this case is ‘Caspian’, wish publishes magazines and organises events. Managers must therefore choose a management style to suit the situation. In some situations, Caspian could use Autocratic management because the company as deadlines to meet, they always have to be on time with their product, unfortunately if they don’t they would definitely loss target audience. Therefore Caspian needs a strict management to meet deadlines and to bestow respect on the business and work efficient to produce good quality to achieve the organisation goals. The advantages of autocratic management, is that it would be more swiftly for decision making. There would be no miss understandings, less disagreements, less arguments, because there is only one communication flow, there is no feed back from the employees. The most important of all is, there would be a clear chain of command between the leader and worker because all employees now who gives the orders on the business. However not all autocratic advantages are suitable to Caspian because the employees need to have a say on how the business is run, the employees need to share their point of view with the managers and communicate with them anything that is troubling them at that stage, otherwise the employees would became de-motivated and not complete their task properly. They would have Lack of recognition, when an individual feels he is doing a perfect job but receives no praise or encouragement from managers; he may gradually lose the motivation to perform so effectively well on the company. Employees might also feel dishearten because they might not get information about the organisation, only orders from the leader. Employees are dependent on the manager, if the manager becomes ill, employees want have a clue what to do because they never worked by them self’s, they wouldn’t have initiative to start a job. There is no point in having technical staff and advisors if you don’t take any notice of their opinion. However managers should be able to rely on information staff offer and must give them due consideration. Possibly more importantly, staffs need to feel that they contribute to the organisation’s success and that they are a valued member of the team, this is why democratic management techniques are required. In my opinion I think is more useful to Caspian because there is two way communication flows, and they seek for the employees decision making on how the business should be managed, however, at the end is still the manager that makes the final decision. On my point of view, democratic is useful to Caspian because they are a small business and if employees are having any problems, they can communicate with the employers and solve their problems. The relationships are a lot more equal, the employees have a little more power on how the decision making is made. The employer’s gives employees empower, wish allows them to communicate their point of view and motivate the team by empowering them to direct themselves, and guide them with a loose reign. Therefore if there is any problem with machinery, if it isn’t working perfectly, the employees would communicate with the managers and perhaps the problem might be solved. Democratic management style could help the employees to feel more inspired and work more efficient and effective, causing more product activity. Unfortunately there is a big constraint because is time consuming, everyone shares their decision making. Decision making would take longer to occur, however it depends on the occasion the business is situated. I believe I have a good balance between democratic and autocratic management styles. However no style is right all the time; both are needed on the right occasion. Have effective and directed conversations, wish leads to open consultation, leading to the gathering of the maximum amount of information and leading to quality decision making. Caspian needs to find the key to make good quality decisions, leading to better business outcomes. Enhance your ability to empower your team, leading to increased employee commitment, leading to people motivated to take action. Caspian should develop a philosophy and strategy for educating staff about final decisions, leading to informed staff with an understanding of why decisions have been made, leading to better morale, mood and culture. Maximise organisational learning through communication of decision outcomes, leading to an increased ability in staff to make informed decisions in the future. They need to develop strategies to encourage staff to engage in different ways of observing, leading to greater innovation and problem solving, leading to the organisation being able to anticipate, customer needs.

The 4 Simple Stages of an Engaging Email Funnel Strategy

The 4 Simple Stages of an Engaging Email Funnel Strategy Throw a piece of swag at a marketing conference and you’ll (lightly) hit someone who can tell you about the importance of an email list. They’re not wrong. Despite new and flashy marketing channels constantly popping up, email remains one of the strongest for so many companies. According to eMarketer, 73% of in-house marketers worldwide said that email marketing provided a strong ROI in 2017, making it the most commonly reported answer in their survey. But most of the email marketing advice  out there is focused on building your list. Collecting subscribers. Hoarding fans. They don’t explain how to actually turn those subscribers into leads and customers. Remember, building your list is only the first step in the email marketing process and converting your audience into customers. If you don’t use that list wisely and plan how to move subscribers to the next step, the rest of the buyer’s journey will never take place. But when used strategically, email marketing is one of the most all-encompassing marketing channels you can use. It doesn’t just build an audience or generate leads, it’s incredibly effective in every single stage of the sales funnel. From capturing visitors at the awareness stage to nurturing current customers and retaining them long-term, email reliably gets results. Does this make you want to shape up your strategy  ASAP? Good. It’ll be worth it. Before you get to work, let’s break down what your email strategy should accomplish at every stage of the customer journey, and examples and ideas to get your brainstorming started. The 4 Simple Stages of an Engaging Email Funnel Strategy by @thatbberg via @Table of Contents: Step 1: Generate Leads at the Top of the Funnel Step 2: Nurture Leads in the Middle of the Funnel Step 3: Convert Customers at the Bottom of the Funnel Step 4: Activate Customers and Retain Them Forever Step 1: Generate Leads at the Top of the Funnel Building your list may not be the beginning and end of a strong email marketing strategy, as some marketers make it out to be, but it’s definitely the start of the process. Email opt-ins are one of the best ways to capture website and social media visitors at the top of the marketing funnel who aren’t yet ready to buy. When someone comes to your blog, for example, and enjoys the content and overall experience but isn’t ready to buy your product, subscribing to your email list is an alternative call-to-action that still brings them closer to becoming a customer. Someone handing you their email is essentially inviting you to market to them, as long as you provide value as well. Given how hard it can be to reach your audience on other platforms, say algorithm-determined news feeds, you want this direct relationship with as many people in your audience as possible. But they’re just as aware of how personal giving you their email address is, compared to something like following you on Instagram. Because of that, getting strangers to subscribe to your email list can be a challenge - especially if they’ve got hundreds of emails in their inbox already. Here’s how you can rise to the challenge and more to build a thriving, converting list of subscribers, based on ’s own success building a list of over 300,000: Send a Value-Packed Weekly Newsletter The email newsletters we’re talking about aren’t just your PDF pamphlet or weekly sales promos some businesses will call a newsletter. No, we mean high-value content that inspires, nurtures, and converts. That’s what a good newsletter looks like, for example ’s own weekly recap of new marketing advice, both from here on the blog and around the web. (Image source: https://.com/blog/how-to-make-an-email-newsletter/) In an era where we’re obsessed with custom lead magnets and interactive webinars and newer, flashier content types, it takes great content to make one worth signing up for. To make sure your newsletter can stand on its own in terms of attracting subscribers, make sure to: Determine a focused goal to base your newsletter strategy around, such as generating or nurturing qualified leads, driving customer renewals, etc. Create a theme and content strategy  your newsletters can follow, like ’s theme of the latest content to help marketers achieve their goals. Write newsletter copy that cultivates your brand. They may have an old reputation for being promotional and impersonal, some of the more popular modern newsletters, like TheSkimm  and The Hustle, build such an engaged community by developing strong brand voices  and personalities. Anyone can get started, no fancy technology needed. MailChimp  is free to get started with and powers some of the most popular brands on the internet, so you can start simple with it and build your strategies out further as you scale. Offer Lead Magnets Like Free Tools and Resources If sending a value-based newsletter every week for the foreseeable future, in addition to any more promotional emails, doesn’t fit into your content strategy, there are lots of other ways to attract new subscribers. For example, trading a free asset in exchange for a reader’s email address is a great way to provide a ton of extra value without the ongoing content creation  a newsletter can involve. You can create and develop the lead magnet once and promote and mention it in blog posts and other content for months. Trading a free asset in exchange for a reader’s email address is a great way to provide a ton of...Popular and easy-to-create lead magnets include: Checklists and cheat sheets Fillable or printable workbooks Ebooks Spreadsheet and document templates You can also take free offers to the next level and instead of creating a PDF or downloadable asset, you can create an interactive tool subscribers can get get ongoing value from. Some great examples include ’s Headline Analyzer, Mention’s Brand Grader, and Unbounce’s Landing Page Analyzer. Run Email Courses and Challenges To combine the educational value of content offers with the ongoing value of tools, something like an email course or challenge can give you the best of both options. They can involve a full series of emails, as opposed to a single downloadable asset. This can both help content feel more manageable to consumers, and help you build up a relationship with them over the course of a few days instead of a one-time transaction. You can choose to educate your new subscribers over the course of a few days, such a free 5-day email course, or focus on more action-oriented content with a challenge to achieve a certain result within the length of the offer. Hold Audience-Building Live Webinars The final lead generation tool to mention today is live webinars. Live, video-based content is a powerful tool at every stage of the funnel, so it will be mentioned again, but one of the most valuable elements of webinars is how willing people are to hand over an email to attend them. That makes them gold for lead generation, especially when you really perfect it. Lead generation webinars can be done over and over on the same topic and taken on tour to new audiences, like a virtual public speaking circuit. Lead generation webinars can be done over and over on the same topic and taken on tour to new...This exact strategy was a major factor in growing ConvertKit  from $98k to $625k in monthly recurring revenue. ConvertKit’s marketing team used collaborative webinars with affiliates to build an early audience and community around their product. They were able to perform the same webinar more than 150 times, each time to a new audience that converted incredibly well. Years later, it’s a tactic they continue today. With marketing-focused webinar tools that let you worry more about the content than technology, it’s become easy for businesses of any size to build full marketing campaigns around webinars. For example, ClickMeeting  is one option that’s not just for running webinars, but converting from them with features like built-in call-to-action buttons. (Image source: https://clickmeeting.com/tools) Step 2: Nurture Leads in the Middle of the Funnel Okay, you’ve found a lead gen tactic that works for you. Once you’re generating leads and subscribers, you need to do something with them. Next, you want to: Qualify them as potential customers, and Segment them according to your team’s buyer personas Once you’ve qualified someone and matched them to a buyer persona, you can match them to your most relevant product, service, value proposition, etc., and then plan emails that strategically guide them towards purchase. It sounds complicated, but with most email marketing and marketing automation software, it’s done easily and automatically. For example, you can segment your leads before ever interacting with them based on simple information, like: Which lead magnet, form, or web page they subscribed through Website and subscriber behavior Demographic information Lead scoring can be done the same way. And remember, drip sequences are your friend! By consistently emailing leads, you keep them engaged and have the opportunity to learn more about them through their opens, clicks, and replies. By consistently emailing leads, you keep them engaged and have the opportunity to learn more about...During nurturing, you want to continue providing value, building trust, and developing a relationship with your lead up until the final moment before they convert. Each email is a new opportunity to build more rapport with them as well as learn about their behavior and customize your marketing accordingly. You want to build up to the moment of conversion: where you’re talking to the right person with the right message and the right timing. How do you do that? Here are some of the types of emails that nurture leads and get them to the next stage of the sales funnel. Use Self-Segmentation Emails A self-segmentation email presents different options to your leads and lets them select which is most relevant. You can then move them into appropriate email segments based on which option or options they click. You have lots of options for how you can segment, based on what’s most useful to your business: What types of content they prefer Which topics they’re most interested in Goal or reason for signing up for your list This works great as a welcome or confirmation email when someone first signs up, but you can ask someone to self-segment more than once and at any point in the buyer’s journey. Everyone appreciates the promise of more relevant and useful emails. Everyone appreciates the promise of more relevant and useful emails.Send Case Studies and Customer Stories As you start to introduce your leads more directly to your product, you want to do as much as you can to help them see themselves using your product or service. While segmentation so you can more specifically talk to people is great, you need to â€Å"show† as well as â€Å"tell.† Sending leads case studies, success stories, testimonials, and other social proof featuring customers similar to them will do that. Keep Providing Free Resources Til The End Finally, continuing to offer free content that’s jammed with value will continue to make an impact throughout the funnel. As a lead moves through your nurturing content and you learn more about them, you can even get more relevant, personal, and valuable with that content. For example, by shifting the topics of your webinars from broader content to more solution-specific ideas, you can use them for nurturing as well as lead generation. Monitoring software Mention, for example, offers both topical webinars like those discussed above (like one they hosted with !), as well as more product-focused webinars that are ridiculously helpful for those already interested in them. (Image source: https://info.mention.com/live-training) If you do provide multiple formats of nurturing content, like adding webinars to your email sequences, make sure you’re able to track results both per channel and for your whole funnel. For example, marketing dashboards like Cyfe  let you pull in information from multiple apps and tools to track all stages and locations of the funnel in one place. You would just add pre-built widgets for your tools like Google Analytics, InfusionSoft, and Unbounce at their proper places in your funnel map. (Image source: https://www.cyfe.com/marketing-dashboard) Step 3: Convert Customers at the Bottom of the Funnel Congrats! Your email lead gen and nurturing are fantastic and have primed leads perfectly. You’ve shown value, built a relationship, and fired off all the psychological triggers  that have people ready to buy. This is obviously what you’ve been waiting for, the moment when your funnel (literally) pays off. With your email marketing funnel so carefully set up with the steps we’ve gone over, like using segmentation to provide super personalized value, you have a great chance of converting a new customer. And segmentation is about to come in handy yet again. In addition to using it to deliver more personalized nurturing campaigns, you can use it to offer your product or service in the most relevant way possible to each individual prospect. Between automated funnels and sequences and your seasonal/regular marketing calendar, you have lots of options for reaching your customers, all of which will be more successful the better the rest of your funnel is segmented. By combining segmentation with different conversion strategies like those listed below, you’re sure to be within reach once your customer has reached their moment of decision and purchase. Recommended Reading: How to Create a Marketing Strategy That Will Skyrocket Your Results By 9,360%" Retarget Subscribers With Emails and Ads Once again, at this point you’re searching for that perfect moment when your prospect is ready to buy. At this point, you’ve built up enough of a reputation with them that ads placed in front of them will convert well. (Image source: https://okdork.com/how-to-spend-your-first-100-on-retargeting-ads/) You don’t need to stick to just email to reach them affordably - retargeting ads  can be some of the most cost-effective kinds of paid marketing. For example, AppSumo  was able to achieve a 224% ROI from a recent retargeting campaign. That said, email retargeting may be all you need, especially with your warmest leads, like e-commerce abandoned carts. Abandoned cart emails  find people who’ve essentially already decided to buy your product, so offering it one more time is often an easy win. (Image source: https://support.bigcommerce.com/articles/Public/Using-the-Abandoned-Cart-Saver) When Henna Caravan  first started using retargeting and abandoned cart emails, it had a major impact on acquisition of first-time customers. Founder Jessica McQueen explained to BigCommerce what it was like watching the results come in: â€Å"That’s turned into the most exciting part of my day, seeing an abandoned cart get converted into a sale...I had no idea that people were leaving their cart empty and how much was sitting on the table at the end of the day.† Create Time and Urgency-Based Offers Another great way to convert well-nurtured prospects is through offers based on limited time and other urgency factors. By building authentic and ethical deadlines  into your marketing, like expiring offers and discounts, into your funnel, you give warm prospects a reason to convert today versus next week. A great tool for this, for example, is Deadline Funnel. It lets you easily create customized deadlines and scarcity offers for each lead, based on different email and website activity. So you could trigger a funnel with an expiring deadline for: New leads who’ve just signed up for your list Existing customers to celebrate occasions like birthdays Prospects who have visited certain high-intent pages on your website It’s a â€Å"get ‘em while they’re hot† approach that can lead to crazy high conversion rates when the situation is right. Recommended Reading: How to Effectively Measure Marketing ROI With Google Analytics and a Simple Formula Onboard Free Trial Users Finally, if you’re selling something with some kind of free trial like software, you can’t assume that they’re sold once they’ve signed up for a free trial. The true conversion - them becoming a paying customer - hasn’t happened yet. You still need to further engage and nurture them, and this is where it matter most. You can introduce tutorials, use cases, and more product-related content to get them to the final purchase point. For example, as noted in Val Geisler’s onboarding teardown, Mixmax  sends their free users an introduction to the product in the form of an email course or educational sequence. (Image source: valgeisler.com/email-onboarding-tear-down-mixmax/ Step 4: Activate Customers and Retain Them Forever Once someone becomes a customer and reaches the bottom of the sales funnel, you might think your job as a marketer is over. Sorry, but that’s not the case. Retaining customers and extending your relationship with them lets you optimize your lifetime customer value and increase your marketing ROI. So once someone becomes a customer, enjoy a very brief break, because soon it’s time to start working towards their next conversion. Email is one of the best ways to keep in touch with and nurture them here, too. You want to continually prove and increase value, let customers improve their experience, and make your product sticky in their lives, so they’ll renew, upsell, refill, or whatever you need them to do. It’s not too different from nurturing prospective customers, except that you can and should talk about your products and services more directly to keep customers engaged. And there are so many ways to do that. Recommended Reading: How to Select Marketing Metrics and KPIs to Monitor Keep Customers Engaged With Your Product One important way to use email is to keep people needing what you offer. Whether it’s an app, physical product, or service, remind them and help them keep it in their lives. (Image source: mine) I love the way Grammarly  does this. Since I use the free Chrome plugin running in the background, it’s not always at the forefront of my mind. But their weekly progress report emails giving me helpful stats and compliments (â€Å"You were quite the busy bee†), along with CTAs to use and upgrade my free account never let it fade to the background for long. Find Organic Upsell and Cross-Sell Opportunities In addition to keeping customers coming back, you also want to find opportunities to sell them bigger or related offers. The key to doing this without coming off as pushy, you’ll want to look for ways to recommend things in the context of the value you provide and your customer’s life. (Image source: mine) A great example of this is Care/Of vitamins. They send frequent product-based emails and newsletters that are super helpful and insightful, customized based on what products you buy from them. It allows customers to learn more about their health and products they’re already, and get even more free value. They win you over so well that the upsells and calls-to-action in the emails are completely natural and truly enticing. Activate Advocates With Referral and Word-of-Mouth Campaigns Finally, getting customers to buy again isn’t the only way to get more value and ROI from them. Customers have friends, colleagues, neighbors, and other people who might be your perfect customers. Advocacy marketing, referrals, and word-of-mouth let you use happy customers to find new ones just like them. While it takes a more mature product and funnel and should only be offered to satisfied and engaged customers, incentivizing already satisfied customers to share that satisfaction. Create a Yellow Brick Road With Your Email Funnels By now, you’ve seen multiple ways you can use email marketing at every stage of the sales funnel: You can generate leads with lead magnets, challenges, and other valuable free content Nurture those leads by segmenting and personalizing your emails and communication Convert them with retargeting, urgency, and epic onboarding Keep customers engaged long-term with customer emails and recommendations Whatever is holding back your funnel from achieving your marketing goals, you can pinpoint what stage of the journey is the problem and create an email funnel strategy to solve it.

The FRESH-Thinking Project Essay Example

The FRESH The FRESH-Thinking Project Paper The FRESH-Thinking Project Paper The FRESH-Thinking Project is made up of physicians, health insurance executives, hospital administrators, economists and other experts and interest groups, representing a diverse crowd who held a number of workshops and agreed on several recommendations they say are essential for health-care reform to be successful. They recommend that in-order for insurance exchanges to be efficient and competitive on cost and value, they all must have standardized packages. How these packages are designed will require technical details so an independent board should be set up to make options available for these packages and Congress and the administration could accept or reject these. The packages will detail what the base coverage the employer based plans must have to be eligible for tax exclusions. Individuals should have options to purchase packages with more coverage  (Emanuel, April 7, 2009). What Mr. Obama’s bill has proposed is a fifteen member board made up of experts that will essentially take away some of Congress’s authority to set Medicare policies.   The board will be selected by the administration and confirmed by the Senate and each member will serve a six year term. The appointees will be chosen due to their expertise in finance, health-care and economics. The function of the board will be to develop a strategy of program cuts if Medicare costs go above predetermined levels, and its’ recommendations will go into effect unless Congress and the White House agree on substitute plans which yield equal savings. While the board will not be allowed to increase insurance premiums or decrease benefits, it would have at its mercy the payments to doctors, pharmaceutical companies and insurance companies. This part of the bill has upset a lot of drug makers, and lobbyists for doctors to mention just a few. The purpose of the board is to cut spending in medical insurance for the aged, because Medicare and Medicaid spending is expected to grow by 7 percent each year in the next ten years. Hospitals too will be facing payment cuts. Interest groups like the American Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Research and manufacturers of America are bothered by the board’s vast authority to make substantial changes to the Medicare system without any challenge by the Congress  (Faler, 2010). While it is recommended that individuals have options as to which of the packages they wish to choose the bill will force people to get their care through something called â€Å"medical home.† A primary doctor will be assigned and he will control your access to specialists. All freedom to choose anything is removed.

OBESITY Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OBESITY - Thesis Proposal Example The control group could be selected from the same sample of students who engage in active sports. The weight gain for both group of students is monitored for a specific period of time to establish the relationship between inactivity and obesity] 3. Does obesity play a major role in increasing the cost of healthcare in the United States?[Provisional answer: Yes, the cost of treating obese people in the country is raising] 4. Should the government enforce strict dietary and exercise regimen in schools to control incidents of obesity? [Provisional answer: Yes. Compulsory physical exercises and regulated diet should be imposed on all school-going children.] Thesis The government should enforce strict physical education program and dietary restriction in all schools to control the prevalence of obesity in the society. Nutritionists and researchers attribute poor dietary habits and lack of exercises as the major causes of obesity in the society (Bernard, 2007). These detrimental habits dev elop in the early stages of child development especially in schools.

Oxygen Cascade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Oxygen Cascade - Essay Example Any disease which affects oxygen supply and access at the cellular level therefore has potentially fatal consequences, even if the disorder is transient. Oxygen does not normally exist in nature by itself, but rather in mixture with other gases (Townsend, and Webster, 2000). Dalton's Law therefore comes in to play at all times, with each gas in a mixture exerting an independent partial pressure (Hopley, and Schalkwyk, 2006). Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are three common gases which generally accompany oxygen during crucial phases of respiration. Living cells may therefore be unable to access oxygen in a state of disease, even though the gas is available in the surroundings. Oxygen availability and demand for this substance are not steady at all times. Physical activity and other physiological processes, including those affected by disease, may cause oxygen demand to peak well over the average level. The partial pressure of oxygen, on the other hand, may fall off steeply, as at high altitudes. Changes in oxygen availability and demand do not necessarily move in tandem. High altitude sickness is a common example of oxygen demand peaking even as its partial pressure falls steeply. Disease may also affect the supply/demand balance of oxygen at the tissue or cellular levels. There is a complicated and inter-related delivery system for oxygen from the atmosphere external to a living being and the mitochondria in cells responsible for oxidative phosphorylation (Lewis, and Fitz-Henry, 2001). Any defect in a tissue, structure, or a system, involved in respiration, circulation, diffusion, or metabolism, can affect the ability to use oxygen for vital processes. This paper defines the series of partial pressures at which oxygen is available at various levels of a living system, and relates the processes involved in the procurement, gaseous exchange, transport, and use of oxygen, to states of disease. Steps in the Oxygen Cascade Most people live at or around sea level. The atmospheric pressure at this level is 760 mmHg and 20.94% of air at this altitude is oxygen (Neligan, 2002). Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) at sea level is 159 mmHg. However, the PO2 at the level mitochondria in cells is as low as 3 mmHg (Neligan, 2002). Where have 156 mmHg gone The vast proportion of oxygen is either diluted or even lost altogether as it travels in to lungs and from the alveoli to blood in the circulatory system. The various stages by which the partial pressure of oxygen falls off are collectively known as the oxygen cascade. Life has evolved to deal with such colossal inefficiencies, and to maintain normal health at the same time. The transfer of oxygen from air to blood in the lungs, the transport of oxygen by blood to organs and to tissues, and the diffusion of oxygen from capillaries to individual cells and to the mitochondria inside them, all take place within specific ranges of partial pressures. H owever, the balances are delicate, and diseases and other may have serious effects on the oxygen cascade. All diseases which affect the structure and functioning of the lungs, or which affect the capacity of blood to transport oxygen, or which affect circulation of blood to the far reaches of the body, or which affect cellular organization, especially in terms of mitochondrial